Welcome to the 2021 Systematic Reviews by Critical Care Nutrition
Once again, we’ve systematically reviewed 53 topics on critical care nutrition have posted our updated summaries on our website. We have included all RCTs of nutritional interventions involving critically ill patients examining clinically important outcomes published since 1980 (See our protocol below). The included studies have undergone a formal review by our review committee and data have been extracted in duplicate.
The updated Systematic reviews are being made available starting in February 2021 and all will hopefully be updated by the end of March 2021. Refer to the topics below for a full list of the topics and for links to the available systematic reviews.
We are hoping you find these summaries of evidence updates helpful in your day to day practice. Also, we wanted to offer a thank you to our collaborators who worked on this update. This would not possible without a full team effort.
Review Committee:
Dr. Daren Heyland, MD
Dr Jayshil Patel, MD
Dr Aileen Hill, MD
Lee Yii Zheng, MSc, RD
Cindy Yap
Luis Alfonso Ortiz Reyes, MSc
John Clarke, MSc, RKin
Rupinder Dhaliwal, RD
| Protocol |
| Summary of Changes (2018 CPGs vs 2021 Systematic Reviews) - Coming soon |
| 2018 Systematic Reviews |
2021 Systematic Reviews, by topic
| 1.0 | The use of Enteral Nutrition vs Parenteral Nutrition |
| 2.0 | Early vs. Delayed Nutrient Intake |
| 3.1 | Indirect calorimetry vs. Predictive equations (Enteral Nutrition) |
| 3.2 | Achieving Target Dose of Enteral Nutrition |
| 3.3a | Trophic vs Full Feeds |
| 3.3b | Hypocaloric EN |
| 4.1a | Composition of EN: Diets with arginine and other nutrients |
| 4.1b(i) | Composition of EN: Fish oils, borage oils, & antioxidants |
| 4.1b(ii) | Composition of EN: Fish oils alone |
| 4.1c | Composition of EN: Immune Enhancing diets - Glutamine |
| 4.1d | Composition of EN: Immune Enhancing Diets - Ornithine KetoGlutarate (OKG) |
| 4.2a | Composition of EN: CHO/Fat: High fat/Low CHO |
| 4.2b | Composition of EN: CHO/Fat: Low fat/High CHO |
| 4.2c | Composition of EN: High Protein vs. Low Protein |
| 4.2d | Composition of EN: Fat Modified |
| 4.3 | Composition of EN: Protein/peptides |
| 4.4 | Composition of EN: pH |
| 4.5 | Fibre |
| 5.1 | Feeding Protocols |
| 5.2a | Use of Motility Agents |
| 5.2b | Motility Agents vs Intestinal Feeding |
| 5.3 | Small Bowel vs. Gastric Feeding |
| 5.4 | Body Position |
| 5.5a | Gastric Residual Volumes Thresholds (GRVs) (New) |
| 5.5b | Gastric Residual Volumes Monitoring (GRVs) (New) |
| 5.5c | Gastric Residual Volumes Frequency (GRVs) (New) |
| 5.5d | Discarding Gastric Residual Volumes (GRVs) |
| 5.6 | Fasting |
| 6.1 | Closed vs. Open Systems |
| 6.2 | Enteral Nutrition: Prebiotics/Probiotics/Synbiotics |
| 6.3 | Enteral Nutrition: Continuous vs. Other Methods of Administration |
| 6.4 | Enteral Nutrition: Gastrostomy vs. Nasogastric Feeding |
| 6.5 | Enteral Nutrition: HMB |
| 7.1 | Combination EN + PN |
| 7.2 | Early vs. Delayed Supplemental PN |
| 8.0 | Parenteral Nutrition vs. Standard Care |
| 9.1 | Composition of PN: Branched Chain Amino Acids |
| 9.2 | Composition of PN: Type of lipids |
| 9.3 | Composition of PN: Zinc (alone or in combination) |
| 9.4a | Composition of PN: Glutamine Supplementation |
| 9.4b | Composition of PN: Glutamine Supplementation + EN Supplementation |
| 9.4c | Composition of PN: EN + PN Glutamine |
| 9.5 | Composition of PN: Protein and Amino Acids |
| 10.1 | Strategies to Optimize Parenteral Nutrition: Dose of PN |
| 10.2 | Use of lipids |
| 10.3 | Mode of lipid delivery |
| 10.4a | Optimal glucose control: Insulin therapy |
| 10.4b | Optimal glucose control: Carbohydrate restricted formula + insulin therapy |
| 11.1 | Antioxidant Nutrients: Combined Vitamins and Trace Elements |
| 11.2 | Antioxidant Nutrients: Parenteral Selenium (alone or in combination) |
| 11.3 | Vitamin C |
| 12.0 | Vitamin D |
| 13.0 | Thiamine |
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